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				<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">asa</journal-id><journal-title-group>
			<journal-title xml:lang="ru">Строительство и техногенная безопасность</journal-title></journal-title-group>			<issn pub-type="ppub">2413-1873</issn>			<publisher><publisher-name>КФУ им. В.И. Вернадского</publisher-name></publisher>
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			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37279/2413-1873-2020-18-165-174</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">72</article-id>
			<article-categories><subj-group xml:lang="en"><subject>Environmental safety</subject></subj-group><subj-group xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экологическая безопасность</subject></subj-group></article-categories>
			<title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА МАГНИТОГОРСКА В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОСТОЯННОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ ВЫБРОСОВ ИЗ ЦЕХОВ МАТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКОГО КОМБИНАТА В АТМОСФЕРУ ГОРОДСКОЙ СРЕДЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FEATURES OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN MAGNITOGORSK UNDER CONDITIONS OF CONTINUOUS IMPACT OF MAN-GENERAL DISCHARGES FROM THE WORKSHOPS OF MATALLURGICAL COMBINE INTO THE URBAN ATMOSPHERE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group>
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				<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>					<name>
						<surname>Шенцова</surname>
						<given-names>О. М.  </given-names>
					</name>
					<name xml:lang="en">
						<surname>Shentsova</surname>
						<given-names>O. M.</given-names>
					</name>
</name-alternatives>					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
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				<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name-alternatives>					<name>
						<surname>Федосихин </surname>
						<given-names>В. С.</given-names>
					</name>
					<name xml:lang="en">
						<surname>Fedosikhin</surname>
						<given-names>V. S.</given-names>
					</name>
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			<aff id="aff-1">
			<institution content-type="orgname">South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Address: 455008, Russia, Chelyabinsk Ob., Chelyabinsk, Lenin Avenue, 69, e-mail: shenolga@yandex.ru</institution>
			<institution content-type="orgname" xml:lang="en">Южно-Уральский государственный гуманитарно-педагогический университет, e-mail: shenolga@yandex.ru</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff-2">
			<institution content-type="orgname">Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, address: 455000, Russia, Chelyabinsk Region, Magnitogorsk, Lenin Avenue, 38, e-mail: FedosVS@yandex.ru</institution>
			<institution content-type="orgname" xml:lang="en">Магнитогорский государственный технический университет им. Г.И. Носова, e-mail: FedosVS@yandex.ru</institution>
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			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>26</day>
				<month>10</month>
				<year>2020</year>
			</pub-date>
				<issue seq="11">18(70)</issue><issue-id>66</issue-id><fpage>165</fpage>
				<lpage>174</lpage>
			<permissions>
				<copyright-statement>Copyright (c) 2020 Строительство и техногенная безопасность</copyright-statement>
				<copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
				<copyright-holder>Строительство и техногенная безопасность</copyright-holder>
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			<self-uri>https://www.stroyjurnal-asa.ru/index.php/asa/article/view/72</self-uri>
			<abstract><p>Аннотация. Обеспечение и поддержание экологической безопасности городского населения, проживающего в промышленном городе в соседстве с крупным градообразующим предприятием в условиях  постоянного выброса в атмосферу воздуха техногенных пыли и газов, всегда была и является сегодня одной из актуальных проблем архитектуры города Магнитогорска.  В статье рассмотрена исторически сложившаяся градостроительная ситуация Магнитогорска в условиях климата и направления ветра Южного Урала, учет которых во многом способствует защитным качествам воздушной среды несмотря на значительные выбросы в атмосферу воздуха техногенных загрязнений Магнитогорского металлургического комбината (ММК). Первоначальное расположение производственных зданий и селитебной зоны при строительстве Магнитогорска осуществлялось в 30-х годах XX столетия на основе сугубо экономического подхода, максимально приближая жилье к производству, не учитывая ветровые потоки со строительной площадки и вырубая многолетние деревья на склонах магнитных гор для строительства зданий и сооружений. Через 10 лет эксплуатации ММК была доказана существенная роль южно-уральского ветра в сохранении экологической обстановки в городе. До настоящего момента тысячи жителей города продолжают жить в непосредственной близости с ММК, ощущая на себе вредность загрязняющих атмосферу производственных выбросов. Позже селитебная зона города начала развиваться на юг по правому побережью, а промышленная зона - на  север вдоль левого берега реки, создавая тем самым и дальше  множество неблагоприятных экологических проблем, которые приходиться временами ликвидировать.</p>
<p>Предметом исследования является изменение климатических  реки Урал, а условий и направления ветра в г. Магнитогорске в течение года.</p>
<p>Материалы и методы. Были проанализированы имеющиеся научные материалы и труды  ученых, краеведов, искусствоведов, строителей и архитекторов, посвященных вопросам истории, градостроительства и экологии города Магнитогорска. Также сделан обширный анализ климатических условий и направлений ветра в Магнитогорске и их сезонное изменение в течение года и анализ динамики валовых выбросов загрязняющих веществ в атмосферу ММК (в тыс. тонн) с 2000 по 2019 года. Чтобы выявить влияние массы загрязняющих выбросов на здоровье жителей был использован индекс загрязнения атмосферы (ИЗА) и комплексные его значения. Чем меньше выпуск металлопродукции на ММК, тем ниже объем техногенных выбросов с ММК и тем ниже значения ИЗА и КИЗА.</p>
<p>Результатом стала разработка концепции градостроительного плана Магнитогорска с учетом загрязнения территории города вредными веществами, выбрасываемыми в атмосферу ММК с использованием СНиП 2.01.01-82 "Строительная климатология и геофизика".</p>
<p>Выводы. Предложенная карта города позволяет характеризовать городские секторы с числом экологически неблагоприятных дней в году. Это позволит сделать стратегический вывод о дальнейшем строительстве производственных и гражданских зон территории Магнитогорска.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract. Ensuring and maintaining the environmental safety of the urban population living in an industrial city in the vicinity of a large city-forming enterprise in conditions of constant emission of industrial dust and gases into the air has always been and is today one of the urgent problems of the architecture of the city of Magnitogorsk. The article examines the historically existing urban planning situation in Magnitogorsk in the conditions of the climate and wind direction of the South Urals, the accounting of which largely contributes to the protective qualities of the air despite the significant emissions of man-made pollution into the atmosphere of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (MMK). The original location of industrial buildings and residential areas during the construction of Magnitogorsk was carried out in the 30s of the XX century on the basis of a purely economic approach, bringing housing as close as possible to production, not taking into account wind flows from the construction site and cutting down perennial trees on the slopes of magnetic mountains for the construction of buildings and structures ... After 10 years of MMK operation, the significant role of the South Ural wind in maintaining the ecological situation in the city was proved. Until now, thousands of city residents continue to live in close proximity to MMK, feeling the harmfulness of industrial emissions that pollute the atmosphere. Later, the residential zone of the city began to develop to the south along the right bank, and the industrial zone to the north along the left bank of the river, thus creating further many unfavorable environmental problems that sometimes have to be eliminated.</p>
<p>Subject of the study is the change in the climatic of the Ural River, and the conditions and wind direction in Magnitogorsk during the year.</p>
<p>Materials and methods. The available scientific materials and works of scientists, ethnographers, art historians, builders and architects devoted to the history, urban planning and ecology of the city of Magnitogorsk were analyzed. An extensive analysis of climatic conditions and wind directions in Magnitogorsk and their seasonal changes throughout the year and an analysis of the dynamics of gross emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere of MMK (in thousand tons) from 2000 to 2019 were also made. To identify the effect of the mass of polluting emissions on the health of residents, the air pollution index (API) and its complex values ​​were used. The lower the output of metal products at MMK, the lower the volume of technogenic emissions from MMK and the lower the values ​​of IPA and KIZA.</p>
<p>Rresult was the development of a concept for the town-planning plan of Magnitogorsk, taking into account the pollution of the city by harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere of MMK using SNiP 2.01.01-82 "Construction climatology and geophysics".</p>
<p>Conclusions. The proposed city map makes it possible to characterize urban sectors with the number of environmentally unfavorable days per year. This will make it possible to draw a strategic conclusion about the further construction of industrial and civil zones on the territory of Magnitogorsk.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Magnitogorsk</kwd><kwd>Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works</kwd><kwd>ecological town planning</kwd><kwd>ecology of the urban environment</kwd><kwd>town planning plan</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><title>Ключевые слова</title><kwd>Магнитогорск</kwd><kwd>Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат</kwd><kwd>экологическое градостроительство</kwd><kwd>экология городской среды</kwd><kwd>градостроительный план</kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="10"/></counts>
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