RESEARCH OF THE AMOUNT OF FINE DUST AND ITS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN THE RESIDENTIAL AREA OF INLANDED AREAS FROM THE POSITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Abstract

Abstract. The atmospheric air of settlements is filled with various chemical compounds from anthropogenic and natural sources. A special load on residential areas can come from enterprises of the construction industry in the form of contamination of territories with fine dust (PM10). The relevance of the research topic lies in monitoring PM10 in those residential areas that do not fall within the sphere of influence of state environmental posts, but are located near the activities of enterprises in the construction industry. The object of the study is the atmospheric air of the residential area of ​​the Srednyaya Akhtuba district (Sredneakhtubinsky district of the Volgograd region). The subject of the study is fine dust on the leaves of apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca) in the residential area of ​​the Srednyaya Akhtuba rp (Sredneakhtubinsky district of the Volgograd region) for the spring-summer period in 2018 under the conditions of the technogenic load of two enterprises for the production of expanded clay, etc. in a comparative characteristic with conditionally -clean area. The purpose of the work was to study the amount of fine dust (PM10), to determine its chemical composition in the residential area of ​​the Middle Akhtuba region. The analysis of particles made it possible to reveal an excess of the amount of fine dust (PM10) in the residential area of ​​the Srednyaya Akhtuba district by 1.4 times compared to a conditionally clean zone with a forecast of mixed pollution: on the one hand, these are emissions of chemical compounds from expanded clay production, on the other hand, pollutants from other man-made and natural sources. To reduce the load on the residential area of ​​Srednyaya Akhtuba, it is necessary to improve the environmental protection system at enterprises for the production of expanded clay, landscaping and landscaping of their sanitary protection zones, including the search for other sources of pollution in the residential areas of Srednyaya Akhtuba.

Subject: The amount of fine dust (NPM10,%) on the leaves of apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca) and its chemical composition.

Materials and methods: The study material was the leaves of apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca), which acted as natural samplers of particulate matter from the atmospheric air of settlements for the spring-summer period of 2018. Particle research was consistent with international methods (Dzierzanowski K. [etc], 2011; Lukowski A. [etc], 2020); GOST R 56929-2016 and others. Microanalysis of chemical compounds was performed using an electron scanning microscope (Dual Beam - Versa 3D), etc.

Results: A statistically significant excess of the amount of fine particles ((N_PM10),%) by 1.4 times (2018) on the leaves of apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca) in the experimental area (NPM₁₀ = 91.55%) compared to the relatively clean zone ( N_PM10 = 66.14%) for the spring-summer period of 2018 based on the application of the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon's T-test at the significance level: p = 0.05. Dust-like particles (PM₁₀) sampled on the leaves of apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca) consisted of the following chemical compounds (wet,%): (TiO₂ (0.0313), CaO (18.0435), Fe₂O₃ (0.1805), Al₂O₃ (1.5197), K₂O ( 25.4243), MgO (19.4668), Na₂O (0.0001), SiO₂ (2.8776), MnO (0.0324), P₂O₅ (7.7117), SO₃ (3.2323), including Cl₂O (21.4797). In this case, other oxides ( wet%): CuO (0.0317), ZnO (0.0618), Br₂O (0.0371), SrO (0.2344); F (3.51), Mo (0.36), etc.

Conclusions: The study carried out makes it possible to predict the mixed type of pollution with fine dust (PM10) of the residential zone of Srednyaya Akhtuba. On the one hand, the particles come from the industrial zone of expanded clay production due to the presence in the particles of chemical compounds from the composition of clay minerals (TiO₂, CaO, Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, K₂O, MgO, Na₂O, SiO₂, MnO, P₂O₅, SO₃), fluorine (F) as a by-product of the expanded clay production process. On the other hand, compounds such as: Cl₂O, CuO, ZnO, Br₂O, SrO, Mo, etc., could be products of both anthropogenic and natural sources, which indicates environmental risks for the population and the lack of proper measures to protect residential areas. Average Akhtuba from pollutants. In this regard, it is necessary to improve the protection system at enterprises for the production of expanded clay, landscaping and landscaping of the sanitary protection zone of enterprises, as well as the search for other sources of pollution that produce: Cl₂O, CuO, ZnO, Br₂O, SrO, F, Mo, etc. This work demonstrates the ability of plant leaves to act as effective "passive biomonitors" of the ecological situation in those residential areas of settlements where there are no state ecological posts.