DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS SLUDGE BY LITHIFICATION WITH OPOKA
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Abstract
In modern water treatment technologies, sorption methods play a key role in removing toxic components from wastewater. The most commonly used adsorbent is activated carbon, but its high cost and difficulty of disposal limit its use in water-intensive processes. Natural dispersed silica, such as opoca, provides an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative. The present paper is devoted to the study of a safe method of utilization of spent silica-based adsorbent by lithification method. The results of the analysis of the chemical composition of spent materials, the mechanism of encapsulation of toxic components and their subsequent use as a secondary material resource (SMR) are given. Various additives can be used to improve the effectiveness of opoka as a sorbent or component in waste management processes. These additives improve the sorption, mechanical and chemical properties of the material. International approaches to this task are reviewed. Comparative data with other disposal methods are given.
Subject: methods of utilization of spent adsorbents after wastewater treatment. The research is aimed at developing an environmentally safe method of utilization of spent adsorbent based on dispersed silica from domestic deposits, with an emphasis on the use of lithification method to neutralize toxic components and obtain secondary material resources.
Materials and methods. Both analytical and calculated methods based on the use of heat transfer processes were used.
Results. It has been established that dispersed silica, including opoks, are widely used as sorption materials for the extraction of heavy metal ions, oil products and other dangerous ecotoxicants. Various additives, in particular, oxides and hydroxides of alkali and alkaline-earth metals are used to increase efficiency. The chemical composition of spent adsorbent was determined and the optimal formulation of mixture components was selected to reduce the hazard class of the waste.
Conclusions. Lithification method allows efficient utilization of spent adsorbent, encapsulating toxic components in stable carbonate and silicate shells. The lithified material can be used in the construction industry, for backfilling roads, excavations, which reduces the environmental load and complies with the principles of sustainable development.
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References
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