SYSTEMATIZATION OF DIGITAL SOLUTIONS TO SECURE LABOUR SAFETY CONDITIONS BASED ON INFORMATION MODELS OF BUILDING

Abstract

A key issue in modern construction is to ensure safe working conditions for workers on construction sites. Directions for improving the construction industry contribute to the expansion of scientific and applied research in the field of ensuring safe working conditions for workers and the introduction of new forms and methods in order to comprehensively cover tools that promote the use of various digital technologies in the field of labor protection in construction. The active transition of the industrial and civil construction industry to a higher level of competitiveness in many countries of the world is associated with the creation of building information models (BIM). The work carried out an analysis by comparing the implementation of various digital tools in BIM, which are aimed at ensuring safe working conditions in construction. The totality of research areas is typified in the following areas, which specify the specifics of the areas of application of technologies and methods of organizing labor protection in construction: occupational risk management; assessment of working conditions; visualization of production operations and methods; modeling of production sites; prevention of industrial injuries; training in labor protection rules. Based on the results obtained, the advantages and disadvantages of digital tools used to ensure safe working conditions based on BIM were identified. The indicators of industrial injuries and accidents and their causes have been studied. The above analytics indicates that the construction industry, in terms of the number of deaths at work, has high rates on a par with the manufacturing industry, which demonstrates the need to search for modern methods of organizing and monitoring safety and labor protection conditions in construction. It is shown that the regulatory legal and regulatory framework for the introduction of information modeling technologies is actively developing, which creates the basis for the implementation of practical tasks in the design and operation of buildings at all stages of the life cycle of an object. The target directions of the methods within the boundaries of the designated areas of research on the introduction of digital tools in BIM are determined, the main technologies and methods for implementing the proposed tools are indicated.

Subject of study: digital tools used for BIM as a set of technologies that provide organization, analysis and assessment of safe working conditions in construction.

Materials and methods: When determining the development trends of BIM-technologies in the context of ensuring safe working conditions in construction, we analyzed the use of these technologies in the following conceptual areas: management of construction production and labor protection; 4-D planning of work and schedules of production tasks; visualization and/or simulation; interaction and communications; determination of harmful factors of production. The analysis identified the advantages and disadvantages of using information modeling in the context of improving the organization of labor protection in construction for each of the conceptual directions for the development of BIM technologies. Based on the analysis of normative legal acts and normative and technical documentation, a set of sources is determined, showing the dynamics of development and implementation of information modeling of capital construction projects in Russia.

Results: It should be noted that the use of BIM increases the effectiveness of using various databases and dynamic libraries based on them, which help to identify various occupational risks and develop a set of design solutions to ensure safe working conditions during the construction of facilities. Among other things, it contributes to a more transparent exchange of information between software tools developed for calculating safety parameters and digital solutions for algorithms for assessing working conditions. The listed advantages of database-based technologies will greatly facilitate communication between occupational safety specialists and will contribute to greater detail and correlation of occupational risks with specific design solutions. Integrating construction site accident databases into BIM can significantly reduce the number of incidents and injuries by taking preventive measures to eliminate potentially dangerous sources of injury for workers on construction sites. At the same time, the possibility of visualizing various options for protective (signal) fencing and safety signs at construction sites, while informing workers about areas where potentially hazardous production factors can affect, contributes to their effective training and minimization of the risks of injury and accidents. However, a number of labor protection specialists believe that the use of BIM to ensure safe working conditions for workers in the construction industry is complicated by the constant change and improvement (updating) of software products, which is largely not cost-effective compared to classical methods of organizing labor protection at construction sites. . At the same time, the training of labor protection specialists, architects and designers with the peculiarities of working with BIM and integrated software products to ensure safe working conditions in construction is certainly appropriate.

Conclusions: The authors made an attempt to typify current research in the field of integration of digital and hardware-software solutions into BIM on issues of labor protection in construction. Digital technologies are actively developing, software systems for computer-aided design of construction objects are being supplemented and functionally improved, so the results of the study are the starting point for developing research directions in this area. The results of the research complement and summarize numerous studies and developments in the field of BIM application in the field of labor protection in construction. The applied value of the study lies in the possibility of direct application of the obtained results and conclusions for workers who are directly involved in the development and design of BIM, as well as for researchers in the field of labor protection in construction.