FEATURES OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN MAGNITOGORSK UNDER CONDITIONS OF CONTINUOUS IMPACT OF MAN-GENERAL DISCHARGES FROM THE WORKSHOPS OF MATALLURGICAL COMBINE INTO THE URBAN ATMOSPHERE

Abstract

Abstract. Ensuring and maintaining the environmental safety of the urban population living in an industrial city in the vicinity of a large city-forming enterprise in conditions of constant emission of industrial dust and gases into the air has always been and is today one of the urgent problems of the architecture of the city of Magnitogorsk. The article examines the historically existing urban planning situation in Magnitogorsk in the conditions of the climate and wind direction of the South Urals, the accounting of which largely contributes to the protective qualities of the air despite the significant emissions of man-made pollution into the atmosphere of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (MMK). The original location of industrial buildings and residential areas during the construction of Magnitogorsk was carried out in the 30s of the XX century on the basis of a purely economic approach, bringing housing as close as possible to production, not taking into account wind flows from the construction site and cutting down perennial trees on the slopes of magnetic mountains for the construction of buildings and structures ... After 10 years of MMK operation, the significant role of the South Ural wind in maintaining the ecological situation in the city was proved. Until now, thousands of city residents continue to live in close proximity to MMK, feeling the harmfulness of industrial emissions that pollute the atmosphere. Later, the residential zone of the city began to develop to the south along the right bank, and the industrial zone to the north along the left bank of the river, thus creating further many unfavorable environmental problems that sometimes have to be eliminated.

Subject of the study is the change in the climatic of the Ural River, and the conditions and wind direction in Magnitogorsk during the year.

Materials and methods. The available scientific materials and works of scientists, ethnographers, art historians, builders and architects devoted to the history, urban planning and ecology of the city of Magnitogorsk were analyzed. An extensive analysis of climatic conditions and wind directions in Magnitogorsk and their seasonal changes throughout the year and an analysis of the dynamics of gross emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere of MMK (in thousand tons) from 2000 to 2019 were also made. To identify the effect of the mass of polluting emissions on the health of residents, the air pollution index (API) and its complex values ​​were used. The lower the output of metal products at MMK, the lower the volume of technogenic emissions from MMK and the lower the values ​​of IPA and KIZA.

Rresult was the development of a concept for the town-planning plan of Magnitogorsk, taking into account the pollution of the city by harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere of MMK using SNiP 2.01.01-82 "Construction climatology and geophysics".

Conclusions. The proposed city map makes it possible to characterize urban sectors with the number of environmentally unfavorable days per year. This will make it possible to draw a strategic conclusion about the further construction of industrial and civil zones on the territory of Magnitogorsk.