DETERMINATION OF THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF OPERATION OF REVERSE OSMOSIS IN THE PURIFICATION OF EFFLUENTS OF LANDFILLS
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Summary. Results of investigations are presented that were aimed at production of quality water that meets regulations for surface water sources discharge. All impurities rejected by reverse osmosis membranes that are contained in concentrate stream can be withdrawn together with the dewatered sludge. Experimental research is conducted to develop membrane operational modes during leachate treatment. Experimental procedure is described to evaluate reduction of membrane flux and rejection during leachate treatment and recovery increase. Results of investigations are presented that enable us to determine main characteristics of membrane process such as: membrane flux, ammonia rejection, membrane types required, number of stages, recovery values. Experimental relationships are developed to determine the required membrane recovery values that correspond to ammonia concentration in the feed water to meet required regulation values in the product water. Tools to evaluate the required membrane area and required amount of membrane modules are developed and described. Influence of organics defined as COD (chemical oxygen demand) on membrane performance is investigated. Optimum values of working pressure are evaluated as well as economical parameters of membrane process are determined. Main tools to handle concentrate streams of membrane facilities and to withdraw it with dewatered sludge as well as methods to utilize sludge and concentrate are discussed.
Subject of research: filtrates of solid waste landfills with different composition determined by COD indicators (chemical oxygen consumption), concentrations of ammonium ions, nitrate ions, phosphate ions, as well as hardness and alkalinity; determining the costs of the discharged concentrate and studying the possibilities of reducing them; determining the cost of reagents and electricity.
Materials methods: the schemes of cleaning processes have been studied. Chemical equations of processes occurring in structures are presented and considered, and stoichiometric concentrations of the reagents used are determined. Balance charts have been drawn up to determine the costs of solid waste filtrate, treated water, sediment and concentrates of reverse osmosis plants, as well as the concentrations of various contaminants in them at each stage of treatment at the entrance and exit of structures.
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References
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